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Home » Raw Herbs ยป Roots

Glycyrrhiza glabra  L.

   

click to enlarge image

Botanical Name

:

Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

English Name

:

Licorice or Liquorice, Sweet Licorice, Sweet Wood

Synonym(s)

:

Glycyrrhiza glandulifera (Waldst.&Kit.)

Family

:

Fabaceae

 

General Info

Description

The plants are graceful, with light, spreading, pinnate foliage, presenting an almost feathery appearance from a distance. The leaflets hang down during the night on each side of the midrib. From the axils of the leaves spring racemes or spikes of papilionaceous small pale-blue, violet, yellowish-white or purplish flowers, followed by small pods somewhat resembling a partly-grown peapod in form. The underground system is double, the one part consisting of a vertical or tap root, often with several branches penetrating to a depth of 3 or 4 feet, the other of horizontal rhizomes, or stolons, thrown off from the root below the surface of the ground, which attain a length of many feet.

Herb Effects

Antiinflammatory, expectorant, antidiuretic, antihistaminic and antiulcer (glycyrrhizin), antiviral (glycyrrhizic acid),depurative, stimulates secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, encourages production of hormones (including hydrocortisone).

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Plants for a Future
Glycyrrhiza glabra

Chemistry

Active Ingredients

Acetic acid, acetophenone, anethol, apigenin, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, benzyl-alcohol, beta-amyrin, beta-carotene, beta-sitosterol, camphor, carvacrol, choline, estragole, estriol, eugenol, formononetin, geraniol, glycyrrhetinic-acid, glycyrrhizin, guaiacol, herniarin, indole, niacin, p-cymene, palmitic acid, salicyclic acid, thiamin, thujone, thymol, umbelliferone (root); alpha-terpineol, benzaldehyde, terpinen-4-ol (rhizome essential oil); astragalin, bergapten, galangin, genistein, kaempferol, naringenin, pinocembrin, xanthotoxin (shoot); betaine, ferulic acid, glycyrrhetic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, isoquercitrin, quercetin, vitexin, (plant); nicotinic acid (leaf)

Chemistry of Active Ingredients
Product Categories

Name

CAS#

IUPAC Name

Formula

Structure

Product Categories
Glycyrrhizin 53956-04-0 6-[(11-carboxy-4,4,6
a,6b,8a,11,14b-hepta
methyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a
,5,6,7,8,9 ,10,12,1
2a,14a-dodecahydro-1
H-picen-3-yl)oxy]-5-
(6-carboxy-3,4,5-tri
hy droxy-oxan-2-yl)
oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-ox
ane-2-carboxylic
acid
C42H62O16 Click Here To Enlarge
Glycyrrhetin 8055-71-8 10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6
b,9,9,12a-heptamethy
l-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,
7,8,8a,10, 11,12,14
b-dodecahydro-1H-pic
ene-2-carboxylic
acid
C30H46O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Glycyrrhizic acid 79165-07-4 6-[(11-carboxy-4,4,6
a,6b,8a,11,14b-hepta
methyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a
,5,6,7,8,9 ,10,12,1
2a,14a-dodecahydro-1
H-picen-3-yl)oxy]-5-
(6-carboxy-3,4,5-tri
hy droxy-oxan-2-yl)
oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-ox
ane-2-carboxylic
acid
C42H62O16 Click Here To Enlarge
Glycyrrhetinic acid 8055-71-8 10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6
b,9,9,12a-heptamethy
l-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,
7,8,8a,10, 11,12,14
b-dodecahydro-1H-pic
ene-2-carboxylic
acid
C30H46O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Acetic acid 77671-22-8 acetic acid C2H4O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Acetophenone 98-86-2 1-phenylethanone C8H8O Click Here To Enlarge
Anethol 8022-08-0 1-methoxy-4-prop-1-e
nyl-benzene
C10H12O Click Here To Enlarge
Apigenin 520-36-5 4,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-chrome
n-7-one
C15H10O5 Click Here To Enlarge
Ascorbic Acid Not Available 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethy
l)-4,5-dihydroxy-fur
an-3-one
C6H8O6 Click Here To Enlarge
Benzoic acid 8013-63-6 benzoic acid C7H6O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Benzyl alcohol 185532-71-2 phenylmethanol C7H8O Click Here To Enlarge
beta-Amyrin 559-70-6 4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,1
4b-octamethyl-1,2,3,
4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,1
2a,14,14a- tetradec
ahydropicen-3-ol
C30H50O Click Here To Enlarge
beta-Carotene Not Available 3,7,12,16-tetramethy
l-1,18-bis(2,6,6-tri
methyl-1-cyclohexeny
l)-octadec a-1,3,5,
7,9,11,13,15,17-nona
ene
C40H56 Click Here To Enlarge
Beta-Sitosterol 5779-62-4 17-(5-ethyl-6-methyl
-heptan-2-yl)-10,13-
dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9
,11,12,14, 15,16,17
-dodecahydro-1H-cycl
openta[a]phenanthren
-3-ol
C29H50O Click Here To Enlarge
Camphor 8022-77-3 1,7,7-trimethylnorbo
rnan-2-one
C10H16O Click Here To Enlarge
Carvacrol 499-75-2 2-methyl-5-propan-2-
yl-phenol
C10H14O Click Here To Enlarge
Choline 67-48-1 2-hydroxyethyl-trime
thyl-ammonium
C5H14NO+ Click Here To Enlarge
Estragole 77525-18-9 1-methoxy-4-prop-2-e
nyl-benzene
C10H12O Click Here To Enlarge
Eugenol 97-53-0 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-e
nyl-phenol
C10H12O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Formononetin 485-72-3 4-hydroxy-3-(4-metho
xyphenyl)-chromen-7-
one
C16H12O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Geraniol 8007-13-4 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6
-dien-1-ol
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
Guaiacol 90-05-1 2-methoxyphenol C7H8O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Herniarin 531-59-9 7-methoxychromen-2-o
ne
C10H8O3 Click Here To Enlarge
Indole Not Available 1H-indole C8H7N Click Here To Enlarge
Niacin 99148-57-9 pyridine-3-carboxyli
c acid
C6H5NO2 Click Here To Enlarge
p-Cymene Not Available Dichlororuthenium;
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro
-4H-pyrimidine;
p-cymene
C15H24Cl2N2Ru Click Here To Enlarge
Palmitic acid 66321-94-6 hexadecanoic acid C16H32O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Salicylic acid 8052-31-1 2-hydroxybenzoic
acid
C7H6O3 Click Here To Enlarge
Thiamin 59-43-8 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-met
hyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)m
ethyl]-4-methyl-1-th
ia-3-azoni acyclope
nta-2,4-dien-5-yl]et
hanol
C12H17N4OS+ Click Here To Enlarge
Thujone 1125-12-8 2-methyl-5-propan-2-
yl-bicyclo[3.1.0]hex
an-3-one
C10H16O Click Here To Enlarge
Thymol 89-83-8 5-methyl-2-propan-2-
yl-phenol
C10H14O Click Here To Enlarge
Umbelliferone 93-35-6 2-hydroxychromen-7-o
ne
C9H6O3 Click Here To Enlarge
alpha-Terpineol 10482-56-1 2-(4-methyl-1-cycloh
ex-3-enyl)propan-2-o
l
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
Benzaldehyde 100-52-7 benzaldehyde C7H6O Click Here To Enlarge
Terpinen-4-ol Not Available 4-methyl-1-propan-2-
yl-cyclohex-3-en-1-o
l
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
Astragalin 480-10-4 4,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4
,5-trihydroxy-6-(hyd
roxymethyl )oxan-2-
yl]oxy-chromen-7-one
C21H20O11 Click Here To Enlarge
Bergapten 484-20-8 Not Available C12H8O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Galangin 548-83-4 3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-p
henyl-chromen-7-one
C15H10O5 Click Here To Enlarge
Genistein 446-72-0 4,5-dihydroxy-3-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-chrome
n-7-one
C15H10O5 Click Here To Enlarge
Kaempferol 80714-53-0 3-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-
6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-
(hydroxyme thyl)oxa
n-2-yl]oxy-oxan-2-yl
]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6
-(hydroxymethyl)oxan
-2 -yl]oxy-4,5-dihy
droxy-2-(4-hydroxyph
enyl)-chromen-7-one
C33H40O21 Click Here To Enlarge
Naringenin Not Available 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-chroma
n-4-one
C15H12O5 Click Here To Enlarge
Pinocembrin Not Available (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2
-phenyl-chroman-4-on
e
C15H12O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Xanthotoxin 298-81-7 Not Available C12H8O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Betaine 590-47-6 Carboxymethyl-trimet
hyl-ammonium
hydroxide
C5H13NO3 Click Here To Enlarge
Ferulic acid 24276-84-4 3-(4-hydroxy-3-metho
xy-phenyl)prop-2-eno
ic acid
C10H10O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Glycyrrhetic acid Not Available (2S,4aR,6aS,6aS,6bR,
8aS,10S,12aS,14bR)-1
0-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b
,9,9,12a-h eptameth
yl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a
,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b
-dodecahydro-1H-pice
ne -2-carboxylic
acid
C30H46O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Isoquercitrin 21637-25-2 3-[5-(1,2-dihydroxye
thyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-
oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3
,4-dihydro xyphenyl
)-4,5-dihydroxy-chro
men-7-one
C21H20O12 Click Here To Enlarge
Quercetin Not Available 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-3,4,5-trihydroxy
-chromen-7-one
C15H10O7 Click Here To Enlarge
Vitexin 521-33-5 4,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-8-[3,4
,5-trihydroxy-6-(hyd
roxymethyl )oxan-2-
yl]-chromen-5-one
C21H20O10 Click Here To Enlarge
Nicotinic acid 99148-57-9 pyridine-3-carboxyli
c acid
C6H5NO2 Click Here To Enlarge

Pharmacology

Medicinal Use

In diabetes, epilepsy, as an antidote, tonic, depurifying agent, treating upper respiratory ailments (such as asthma, bronchitis, cough, hoarseness and sore throat), rheumatism, arthritis, for ulcers and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract.

Contraindication

Should not be used by people with high blood pressure; should not be used with drugs derived from Digitalis; continuous use of licorice for the treatment of stomach ulcer is not recommended.

Reference

Chandel et al, Biodiversity in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India.


Bentley and Trimen, The Himalaya Drug Company.

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